Ordine di San Lodovico 1852 (2)

Historical Context
Charles III of Bourbon: Charles III (1818–1854) was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons. Although he ruled as Duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854, this document, dated 1801, appears to reflect an earlier period of Bourbon influence in Parma, possibly during the regency or administration of the duchy under French or Spanish oversight following the Napoleonic Wars. The reference to Charles III as "Infante of Spain" and "Duke of Parma" may indicate a titular claim or an earlier role in the region’s governance, as the historical timeline of his rule does not align perfectly with the document’s date. This discrepancy might suggest the document is a later reproduction or a ceremonial reissuance.

Duchy of Parma: In 1801, the Duchy of Parma was under significant political flux due to the Napoleonic Wars. After the Treaty of Aranjuez in 1801, the duchy was ceded to France, but the Bourbon-Parma family retained nominal titles and influence. This diploma reflects the continuity of Bourbon traditions and honors despite the changing political landscape.

Royal Order of San Lodovico: Established by the Bourbon-Parma rulers, this order was created to reward loyalty and service, particularly among the nobility and military officers. It was a means of reinforcing the dynasty’s legitimacy and fostering allegiance among the elite.

Physical Characteristics
Design: The document features an elegant design typical of royal diplomas from the period, with ornate typography for the main text and careful calligraphy for the handwritten sections. The borders are framed with multiple thin lines, giving it a formal and prestigious appearance.

Seals and Signatures: The presence of seals (though not fully visible in the image) and multiple signatures underscores the document’s authenticity and official nature. The use of both printed and handwritten elements reflects the bureaucratic practices of the time, combining standardized formats with personalized details.

Paper Quality: The paper appears aged, with a slightly yellowed hue, consistent with documents from the early 19th century. The texture and slight imperfections suggest it is an original or a high-quality reproduction.